SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES FOR EFFICIENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT USING IOT AND AI INTEGRATION

Abstract

The increasing global demand for electricity, coupled with the need for sustainability and reliability, has accelerated the adoption of smart grid technologies. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed conventional power systems into intelligent, self-regulating, and data-driven infrastructures. This paper explores how IoT-enabled sensors, smart meters, communication networks, and AI algorithms enhance real-time monitoring, fault detection, energy forecasting, and demand-response management in modern power grids. The study presents a comprehensive review of IoT–AI applications in generation, transmission, and distribution systems. A smart grid reference architecture is proposed, highlighting communication protocols, cloud analytics, and machine-learning-based decision support. Findings reveal that IoT and AI significantly improve operational efficiency, reduce energy losses, and enable predictive maintenance, ultimately supporting renewable integration and sustainable energy management. Challenges, including cybersecurity, interoperability, and scalability, are also discussed.